teaching stuff

You can check out this site for a complete lowdown on totem poles:

http://users.imag.net/~sry.jkramer/nativetotems/default.html

Or you could try and follow this piece of wisdom.

The meanings of totem poles.

The meanings of the designs on totem poles are as varied as the cultures which produce them. Totem poles may recount familiar legends, clan lineages, or notable events. Some poles are erected to celebrate cultural beliefs, but others are intended mostly as artistic presentations. Certain types of totem pole are part of mortuary structures incorporating grave boxes with carved supporting poles, or recessed backs in which grave boxes were placed. Poles are also carved to illustrate stories, to commemorate historic persons, to represent shamanic powers, and to provide objects of public ridicule. “Some of the figures on the poles constitute symbolic reminders of quarrels, murders, debts, and other unpleasant occurrences about which the Indians prefer to remain silent… The most widely known tales, like those of the exploits of Raven and of Kats who married the bear woman, are familiar to almost every native of the area. Carvings which symbolize these tales are sufficiently conventionalized to be readily recognizable even by persons whose lineage did not recount them as their own legendary history.” (Reed 2003).

the reasons why England have continually failed in major championships has always puzzled me until now….

[slideshare id=62372&doc=football-team-tactics565&w=425]

The Siege of 1215.

During the Revolt of the Barons.

Rochester was held by William de Albini against King John.

King John arrives quickly and does not have time to get supplies into the castle.

11 October the siege begins.

King John uses stone throwing machines to attack the curtain walls of the castle.

Archers are also used to attack those men who are defending the castle.

The throwing of the stones at the walls had little effect.

Undermining used to attack the walls of the castle.

Undermining of the castle walls allows the Kings forces into the bailey.

The rebels retreat into the keep.

The keep still does not break down from the stone throwing machines.

Undermining started on the keep.

25 November King John orders the delivery of “forty of the fattest pigs of the sort least good for eating to bring fire beneath the tower.”

The Keep falls to King John and the rebels retreat further into the keep behind the wall that splits the keep in two.

The rebels only hold out for a further five days and surrender on the 30 November.

Defensive improvements 1220-1260

Deep ditches are dug outside the curtain walls of the castle.

The curtain wall is strengthened.

Drum tower is built to replace the tower in the curtain wall undermined by King John.

Drum tower is circular in structure to give greater strength and help in resisting undermining.

An inner bailey wall is constructed that splits the bailey in two.

Siege of
Rochester 1088

Odo of Bayeux holds
Rochester against King William Rufus.

Two siege castles are built to prevent exit from
Rochester.

Forced surrender of
Rochester due to heat, flies and disease.

Improvements after 1088.

Built by Gundulf Bishop of
Rochester.

A Motte and Bailey type castle.

Built on the existing defences but with an added ditch before the ramparts.

1127 King Henry I orders the building of a stone keep.

Present stone Keep built by William de Corbeil.

As I get better at this I won’t have to send you around on links but for the moment you will just have to click elsewhere. Whilst you are doing that check out channel 4 and their castles website. Good for comaprisons.

Ah now I get the chance to throw of the chains of the luddites and embrace this really scary and horrible computer era… arrgh